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This view of amnesia assumes a dual-store model of memory, and has persisted despite an ongoing debate between dual-store and single-store models on explaining memory behaviour in healthy participants and a variety of findings from neuropsychology, neuroimaging and animal models of memory. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īnterograde amnesia is defined as an impairment of memory retrieval from a long-term memory (LTM) store accompanied by intact retrieval from a short-term memory (STM) store or working memory, a definition expressed in many modern textbooks. įunding: This work was supported by a Canadian Institute of Health Research grant MOP 49566 to MM. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: Requests for data will be received at the first author’s university article repository, and is associated with the publications ID number/DOI for this article at. Received: SeptemAccepted: MaPublished: June 5, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Talmi et al. Skoulakis, Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center, GREECE PLoS ONE 10(6):Īcademic Editor: Efthimios M. We discuss the implication of our findings for rehabilitation.Ĭitation: Talmi D, Caplan JB, Richards B, Moscovitch M (2015) Long-Term Recency in Anterograde Amnesia. Our findings suggest that interference mechanisms are preserved in amnesia despite the overall impairment to LTM, and challenge strict dual-store models of memory and their dominance in explaining amnesia. Memory deficits appeared only after the first word recalled in each list, suggesting the impairment in amnesia may emerge only as the participant’s recall sequence develops, perhaps due to increased susceptibility to output interference.

The advantage of recency over midlist items in CDFR was comparable to that of controls, confirming a key prediction of single-store models.

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People with amnesia demonstrated the full long-term recency pattern: the recency effect was attenuated in DFR and returned in CDFR.

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This condition was compared to an Immediate Free Recall (IFR, no distractors) and a Delayed Free Recall (DFR, end-of-list distractor only) condition. People with amnesia and matched controls studied, and then free-recalled, word lists with a distractor task following each word, including the last (continual distractor task, CDFR).

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Here we tested a key prediction of single-store models for free recall in amnesia: that people with amnesia will exhibit a memory advantage for the most recent items even when all items are stored in and retrieved from LTM, an effect called long-term recency. Although dual-store models of memory have been challenged by single-store models based on interference theory, this had relatively little influence on our understanding and treatment of amnesia, perhaps because the debate has centred on experiments in the neurologically intact population.

The intact recency effect in amnesia had supported this view. Amnesia is usually described as an impairment of a long-term memory (LTM) despite an intact short-term memory (STM).